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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

1^st term

ME-102 ENGINEERING DRAWING

Drawing equipment and the use of instruments; Basic drafting techniques and standards; Geometrical

curves including plane curves; Cycloid; Hypocycloid and Involute.

Intersections at various positions of geometrical bodies such as prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones:

Development of surfaces of prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones.

Freehand sketching of machine and engine components, Locking arrangements; Foundation bolts; Stuffing

box; Shaft couplings; Foot step bearing; Pulleys; Engine connecting rod.

Concept of working drawing of component parts of machines and engines Size description, dimensions and

specifications; Limit dimensioning and geometric tolerancing; Limits; Fits and tolerances; Conventional

symbols.

Sectioning of machine and engine components; Orthographic projections and standard practices.

Isometric views with particular reference to piping and ducting.

ME-103 THERMODYNAMICS

Thermodynamic Properties

Introduction; Working substance; System. Pure substance; PVT surface; Phases; Properties and state;

Units; Zeroth Law; Processes and cycles; conservation of mass.

Energy and its conservation

Relation of mass and energy, Different forms of energy; Internal energy and enthalpy; Work, Generalized

work equation, Flow and non flow processes, Closed systems. First Law of Thermodynamics; Open

systems and steady flow, Energy equation for steady flow, System boundaries, Perpetual motion of the first

kind.

Energy and property relations

Thermodynamic equilibrium; Reversibility; specific heats and their relationship; Entropy; Second Law of

Thermodynamic property relation from energy equation; Frictional energy.

Ideal Gas

Gas Laws; specific heats of an ideal gas; Dalton’s Law of Partial pressure; Third law of Thermodynamics;

Entropy of an ideal gas; Thermodynamic process.

Thermodynamic Cycles

Cycle work; Thermal efficiency and heat rate; Carnot cycle; Sterling cycle; Reversed and reversible cycles;

Most efficient engine.

Consequences of the Second Law

Clausius inequality; Availability and irreversibility; Steady flow system.

Two-Phase Systems:

Two phase system of a pure substance; Changes of phase at constant pressure; Steam tables; Superheated

steam; Compressed liquid and vapour curves; Phase diagrams: Phase roles: Processes of vapours: Mollier

diagram; Rankine cycle; Boilers and anciliary equipment.

Internal Combustion Engines

Otto cycle; Diesel cycle; Dual combustion cycle; Four stroke and two stroke engines; Types of fuels.

Reciprocating Compressors

Condition for minimum work; Isothermal efficiency; volumetric efficiency; Multi-stage compression;

Energy balance for a two stage machine with intercooler.

ME-104 WORKSHOP PRACTICE

Use of carpenter’s tools, Exercise in preparing simple joints, Bench fitting practice, Exercise in marking

and fittings; Use of measuring instruments.

Smith’s forge; Exercise in bending, upsetting and swaging.

Familiarizing the students with the following processes:

Soldering and brazing, Welding, Heat treatment, Moulding and casting.

Simple machine shop processes, such as turning, shaping, milling and sheet metal work.

ME-106 STATICS

Statics of Particles

Forces in a plane; Equilibrium of a particle; Newton’s First Law; Free body diagram; Forces in space

(rectangular components); Equilibrium of a particle in space.

Rigid Bodies

Equivalent systems of forces; Principle of transmissibility; Moment of a force; Couple; Varignon’s

Theorem.

Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies

Free-body diagram; Equilibrium in two and three dimensions; Reaction at supports and connections;

Equilibrium of two-force and three force bodies.

Analysis of structures

Internal forces and Newton’s Third Law; Trusses; simple and space trusses; Methods of joints and sections;

Frames and machine analysis.

Forces in Beams and Cables

Shear force and bending moment diagrams; Cables with concentrated and distributed loads.

Friction

Laws of dry friction; Coefficient of friction and angles of friction; Wedges; Square-threaded screws;

Journal and thrust bearings; Belt Friction.

Distributed Forces

Centroids and centers of gravity; Areas and lines; Composite plates and wires;

Distributed loads on beams; Forces on submerged surfaces; Center of gravity of a three dimensional body

and centroid of a volume.

Second moment of area and moments of inertia; Polar moment of inertia; Radius of gyration; Parallel axis

theorem.

Method of Virtual Work

Work of a force; Virtual work; Real machines and mechanical efficiency; Potential energy and equilibrium,

stability of equilibrium.

CE-103 ENGINEERING SURVEYING - I

General Principles of Surveying, Determination and plotting of positions, Scales, Errors and Degree of

accuracy required.

Chain Surveying

Chains and tapes, optical square and other instruments, Ranging and chaining line Errors in chaining.

Field Book, Plotting chain survey, Obstacle surveying.

Compass surveying

Prismatic and Surveyor’s compasses, Meridians, Bearings, Declination and local attraction Traversing.

Adjustment of compass surveying.

Theodolite Surveying

Types of theodolites and their structure Handling and care of instruments, Temporary adjustment of

Theodolite, Measurement of Bearings and horizontal and vertical angles, Use of theodolite as leveling

instrument.

Plane Table Surveying

Plane table and accessories, Adjustment and Orientation methods of plane table surveying, Merits and

demerits of plane tabling, Contouring with tangent clinometers, Two point and three point problems.

Box Sextant structure adjustment and use for measuring angles.

Leveling

General principles of leveling, Optics of Surveying telescope and their structure, Types of levels,

Temporary and permanent adjustment, Methods of leveling, Level Books, Reduction of levels and checks.

Leveling for longitudinal section and cross section, plotting precautions in leveling, Sources of error,

Corrections for covalence and refraction.

EE-101 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

Electric and Magnetic Circuits

Electric Circuits, Kirchoff’s Laws, Superposition theorem, Substitution theorem. Thevenin’s theorem,

Norton’s theorem, Rosen’s theorem of star / mesh transormation, Proof for DC circuits and their

application to circuit analysis, Magnetic Circuit, Series and parallel circuits, Principles of calculation of

ampere turns for magnetic circuits of electromagnets, Transformers, Bipolar and multipolar DC machines

Inductances in series and parallel, Hysteretis loss , Eddy current loss, Lifting power of magnet.

AC Single phase and Polyphase Systems

Single-Phase systems, Series, Parallel and series parallel circuits, J operator method and polar method.

Resonance and measurement of power and power factor, Polyphase systems, Polyphase generation, Star

and delta connections, Voltage and current relations, measurement of power and power factor, Balanced

and unbalanced load analysis.

DC Machines

Construction, Simple lap and wave windings, Equalizing connections and dummy coils, Elementary

concept of armature reaction and commutation, Cross and demagnetizing ampere turns, DC Generator,

Types, emf equation, Losses, Efficiency, Performance curves, Characteristics, Critical resistance and speed

and effect of armature reaction of OCC, Internal and external characteristics from OCC neglecting and

accounting armature reaction, Calculation of series ampere turns for level and over compounding. Motors,

Principle, Back EMF, Torque, Speed and speed regulation, Types, Characteristics, Performance curves,

Losses and efficiency, speed and torque problems involving magnetization curve, charging and ignition

circuits of automobiles.

AC Synchronous Machine

Construction, Stator single layer, Double layer and concentric windings, Damping windings, Coil span

factor, Distribution factor, Leakage and armature reaction, Synchronous impedance, Alternators, Types,

emf equation, speed and frequency, losses and efficiency, alternator on load voltage regulation by

synchronous impedance method, Synchronous Motors, Types, Principle of working, Vector diagram on

load and its analysis for stator current, power factor, torque and mechanical output, Effect of variation of

excitation, Losses and efficiency.

AC Induction Machines

Induction Motors, Construction, Types, Rotating field theory, Principle of working, Slip and its effect on

motor current quantities, Losses, efficiency and performance curves, Starting, Full load and maximum

torque relations, Torque slip characteristics.

Transformers

Construction, Principle of working, Emf equation, Transformation ratios, No load working and vector

diagram, magnetizing current, Vector diagram on load, Equivalent circuit, open circuit and short circuit

tests , Losses, Efficiency and performance curves, All day efficiency, Percentage and per unit R,X and Z

Voltage regulation and Kapp’s regulation diagram. Transformer as a mutually inductive circuit.

Converting Machines

Rotary Converters. Construction, Principle of working, Transformer connections. Voltage and current

ratios of single and three phase converters, Mercury arc rectifiers, Construction, Operation, Transformer

connections, Voltage and current ratios of single phase and three phase rectifiers.

MS-121 APPLIED PHYSICS

Introduction

Scientific notation and significant figures. Types of errors in experimental measurements. Units in different

systems. Graphical Techniques (Log, semi-log and other non-linear graphs)

Vectors

Review of vectors, Vector derivatives, Line and surface integrals, Gradient of scalar.

Mechanics

The limits of Mechanics, Coordinate systems. Motion under constant acceleration, Newton laws and their

applications. Galilean invariance. Uniform circular motion. Frictional forces. Work and Energy. Potential

Energy, Energy conservation. Energy and our Environment, Angular momentum.

Electrostatics and Magnetism

Coulombs Law. Electrostatic potential energy of discrete charges. Continuous charge distribution. Gauss’s

Law. Electric field around conductors. Dielectrics. Dual trace oscilloscope with demonstration.

Magnetic fields. Magnetic force on current. Hall effect. Biot-Savart Law. Ampere’s Law, Fields of rings

and coils. Magnetic dipole. Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism.

Semiconductor Physics

Energy levels in a semiconductor. Hole concept. Intrinsic and Extrinsic regions. Law of Mass Action. P-N

junction.

Transistor. Simple circuits.

Waves and Oscillations

Free oscillation of systems with one and more degrees of freedom. Solution for Modes. Classical wave

equation. Transverse modes for continuous string. Standing waves. Dispersion relation for waves. LC

network and coupled pendulums. Plasma oscillations.

Optics and Lasers

Harmonic traveling waves in one dimension. Near and far fields. Two-slit interference. Huygens Principle.

Single-slit diffraction. Resolving power of optical instruments. Diffraction Grating.

Lasers, Population inversion. Resonant cavities. Quantum efficiency. He-Ne, Ruby and CO2 lasers. Doppler

effect and sonic boom.

Modern Physics

Inadequacy of classical physics, Plank;s explanations of black body radiation. Photoelectric effect,

Compton effect. Bohr theory of Hydrogen atom, Atomic spectra, Reduce mass, De-Broglie hypothesis

Braggs Law, Electron microscope, Uncertainty relations Modern atomic model, Zeeman effect, Atomic

nucleus, Mass energy relation, Binding energy, Nuclear forces and fundamental forces, Exponential decay

and half-life. Radioactive equilibrium in a chain, Secular equilibrium, Nuclear stability, Radiation detection

instruments. Alpha decay, Beta decay, Gamma decay attenuation, Nuclear radiation hazards and safety,

Medical uses of Nuclear Radiation. Fission, Energy release. Nuclear Reactors. Breeder Reactor, Nuclear

Fusion.

MS-105 APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Gases

Gas Laws, Kinetic Gas Equation, Vander Waal’s Equation, critical phenomenon, liquidification of gases,

specific heat (molar heat capacity).

Properties of Solutions & Liquids

Surface Tension, Viscosity, Osmosis, Osmotic pressure, pH-Buffer Solution, Spectrophotometer, Basic

concepts of Colloidal Chemistry, classification purification (dialysis).

Thermochemistry

Chemical Thermodynamics, Hess’s Law, Heat of reaction, Relation between H and U, measurement of heat

of reaction, Bomb Calorimeter.

Electrochemistry

Laws of Electrolysis, E.M.F. series, corrosion (Theories, inhibition & protection).

Water & Sewage

Sources of water, impurities, hardness, water softening, purification of water for potable and industrial

purposes, electrodialysis, Introduction to environmental pollution, main sources and effects, Sewage

treatment.

Fuels

Types of fuels, classification of fossil fuels.

Metals & Alloys

Properties and general composition of metals and alloys such as Iron, Copper, Aluminum, Chromium and

Zinc used in engineering field.

Engineering Materials

Inorganic Engineering materials: Cement, Glass; Organic Engineering Materials: Polymers, Rubbers,

Plastics and Paints. Semiconductors and Dielectric materials.

Practical

Determination of total alkalinity of a given sample; Determination of total acidity of a given sample;

Determination of the amount of ferrous ions in a given sample: Determination of total hardness of a given

sample of water; Determination of surface tension of a given sample; Determination of coefficient of a

given sample; Determination of chloride ions in a given sample; Determination of Bicarbonate and

Carbonate ions in a given sample; Determination of turbidity in a given sample by precipitation;

Determination of turbidity in a given a sample by spectrophotometer; Plotting of titration curve and

determination of total alkalinity in a given sample; Plotting of titration curve and determination of acidity

in a given sample; Plotting a calibration curve and determination of ions present in a given sample.

MS-111 CALCULUS

Set and Functions

Define rational, irrational and real numbers; rounding off a numerical value to specified number of decimal

places or significant figures; solving quadratic and rational inequalities in involving modulus with graphical

representations; Definition of set, set operations, Venn diagrams, DeMorgan’s laws, Cartesian product,

Relation, Function and their types (Absolute value, greatest integer and combining functions). Graph of

some well-known functions. Limit of functions and continuous and discontinuous functions with graphical

representation.

Propositional Logic

Definition of Proposition, Statement and Argument, Logical Operators, Simple and Compound proposition,

various types of connectives, Truth table, tautology, Contradiction, Contingency & Logical equivalence.

Boolean Algebra

Definition, Boolean function, duality, some basic theorems & their proofs, two valued Boolean algebra,

Truth functions, Canonical sum of product form, Digital logic Gates & Switching circuit designs.

Complex Number

Argand diagram, De Moivre formula, root of polynomial equations, curve and regions in the complex

plane, standard functions and their inverses (exponential, circular and Hyperbolic functions).

Differential Calculus

Differentiation and Successive differentiation and its application; Leibnitz theorem, Taylor and Maclaurin

theorems with remainders in Cauchy and Lagrange form, power series. Taylor and Maclaurin series,

L’Hopitals rule, extreme values of a function of one variable using first and second derivative test,

asymptotes of a function, curvature and radius of curvature of a curve, partial differentiation, exact

differential and its application in computing errors, extreme values of a function of two variables with and

without constraints. Solution of non-linear equation, using Newton Raphson method.

Integral Calculus

Indefinite integrals and their computational techniques, reduction formulae, definite integrals and their

convergence, Beta and Gamma functions and their identities, applications of integration, Centre of pressure

and depth of centre of pressure.

Solid Geometry

Coordinate Systems in three dimensions, Direction cosines and ratios, vector equation of a straight line,

plane and sphere, curve tracing of a function of two and three variables, Surfaces of revolutions,

transformations (Cartesian to polar & cylindrical).

HS-101 ENGLISH

Technical Report Writing.

Preparation of Short Speeches for various occasions.

Written Communications

Writing of formal letters and applications, Drafting of Memorandums, Contracts, Advertisements and

Tender notices. Preparation of Minutes of meeting. Writing short papers on technical subjects. Notes

taking.

Oral Communication

Oral reporting, Conference Leading, Dictation. Interviewing, Precis Writing.

Essays on technical and non-technical subjects.

Applied Grammar

General rules for writing correct English, Punctuation, Study of words, Constructions and improvement of

sentences. Vocabulary learning and use of dictionary.

HS-105 PAKISTAN STUDIES

An Outline of Emergence of Pakistan

A brief historical survey of Muslim community in the sub-continent. War of Independence 1857 and

aftermath. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Development of Two Nation Theory. Formation of Muslim League,

Lucknow Pact, Khilafat & Non-cooperation Movement, Political Events from 1924 to 1937. Pakistan

Resolution -–Struggle for Pakistan from 1940 to 1947. Emergence of Pakistan.

Land of Pakistan

Geophysical conditions, Territorial situation and its importance, Natural Resources: Mineral and water.

Constitutional Process

Early effects to make constitution- Problems and issues. Constitution of 1956 and its abrogation. The

constitution of 1962 and its annulment. Constitutional and Political Crisis of 1971; The constitution of

1973, Recent constitutional developments.

Post Independence Development

Education in Pakistan: Planning & Development in the Field of Education. Development of Science and

Technology with special reference to Engineering and Architecture. Brief survey of Pakistan’s Economy;

Industrial and Agricultural Development. Internal and external trade. Economic Planning and prospects.

Cultural Developments in Pakistan

Definition, Check and Contributing factors in culture, Development of Art, Philosophy and Literature.

Foreign Policy

Relations with neighbours, Super powers and the Muslim World.

HS-127 PAKISTAN STUDIES (FOR FOREIGNERS)

Land of Pakistan

Land & People, Strategic importance, Important beautiful sights, Natural resources.

A brief Historical background

A brief historical survey of Muslim community in the sub-continent. British rule & its impacts – Indian reaction.

Two nation theory– Origin & development. Factors leading towards the demand of separate Muslim

state. Creation of Pakistan.

Government & Politics in Pakistan

Constitution of Pakistan – a brief outline. Governmental structure – Federal & Provincial – Local

Government Institutions. Political history – a brief account.

Pakistan & the Muslim World

Relations with the Muslim countries.

Language and Culture

Origins of Urdu Language. Influence of Arabic and Persian on Urdu Language & Literature. A short

history of Urdu literature

2^nd Term

ME-201 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Basic Engine Types and their Operation

Four-stroke spark Ignition Engine; Speed and Load Control in S.I. Engine; The Four-stroke compression

Ignition Engine; Speed and Load Control in C.I. Engine; The Two-stroke cycle; Supercharging, Wankel

Rotary Engine.

Testing

Measurement of Engine Torque and power; Dynamometer principle; Different Types of Dynamometers:

Measurement of Brake and Indicated Horse Power; Mechanical Pressure Indicators; Use of Indicator

Diagram.

Combustion

Combustion Equations; Heat of Combustion; Higher and lower Heating Values; Adiabatic Flame

Temperature.

Equilibrium Charts

Idealized cycles and processes; The Diesel cycle; The Daul cycle; Regenerative cycles; Brayton cycle.

Fuels

The natural fuels; Non-petroleum fuels; Characteristics of SI and CI Engine Fuels, LPG as I.C. Engine

Fuel; Octane and Cetane Number, Knock and Engine Variable: Autoignition in SI and CI Engines; Knock

and SI Engine; Knock and the CI Engine.

Exhaust Gas Analysis and Air Pollution

Air Pollution and the Engine; Air Pollution and the Fuel; Control of Exhaust-Gas constituents.

Fuel Metering- SI Engines

The Engine requirements; The Elementary carburetor; Elements of complete Carburetor; Calculation of

Air - Fuel ratio; Gasoline Injection system.

Fuel Metering-CI Engines

CI Injection Systems; CI Engine Nozzles.

Engine Characteristics

Heat Transfer and the Engine Valve Timing Diagram.

Lubrication

Engine-Lubrication systems: Engine performance and lubrication. Lubricaants of different kinds.

ME-202 SOLID MECHANICS-I

Statically Determinate Frames and Beams

Free body diagrams; Determination of forces in frames; Shear force and bending moment diagrams;

Relationship between loading shear force and bending moment.

Statically Determinate Stress Systems

Stress; Direct, shear, hydrostatic and complementary shear stresses; Bar and strut or column: Thin ring or

cylinder rotating; Stresses in thin shells due to pressure or self-weight.

Stress-Strain Reintion

Deformation; strain; elastic stress-strain behavior of materials; Lateral strain and Poisson’s ratio; Thermal

stress and strain; General stress-strain relationships

Statically Indeterminate Stress Systems:

Interaction of different materials, Interaction of different stiffness components, Restraint of thermal strain;

Volume Changes; Constrained materials.

Bending Stresses

Simple bending theory; General case of bending; Composite Beams; Eccentric and load; Shear stresses in

bending.

Bending: Slope and Deflection

Deflection curve of the neutral axis; Double Integration and Super-position methods.

Theory of Torsion

Torsion of thin-walled cylinder; Torsion of a solid circular shaft; Hollow shafts, Non-uniform and

composite shafts, tapered shaft, torsion of thin rectangular strip; torsion in helical springs.

Theory of Columns

Euler’s theory of bucking; Eccentric loading of long columns. Behaviour of ideal and real struts. Struts

with initial curvature; Crinkling; Members subjected to axial and transverse loading.

ME-203 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING-I

Sand Casting

Introduction; Sand casting procedures; Pattern making; Material types and construction of patterns;

Pattern allowances; Moulding process; Moulding materials; Tools and equipment; Testing of sand;

Moulding machines; Core making; Types of cores; Core making machines; Shell moulding; Plaster

moulding; Centrifugal casting; Trimming & Finishing of castings; Seasoning of castings; Inspection of

castings.

Die Casting

Pressure die casting; Vacuum die casting; Gravity die casting; Die casting machines; Hot chamber & Cold

chamber methods; Die casting alloys; Die design, construction, & material; Die cooling.

Metal Forming

Fundamentals; Hot working & cold working. Hot working processes: Rolling, Rolling mills; Open die

hammer forging, Die drop forging, Press forging, Upset forging, Roll forging, Near net shape forging;

Extrusion, Extrusion methods, Extrusion of hollow shapes; Hot drawing; Hot spinning; Pipe welding, &

piercing. Cold working processes; Squeezing, Bending, Shearing, & Drawing processes such as Rolling,

extrusion, Sizing, Riveting, Coining, Peening, Burnishing, Thread rolling, Angle bending, Roll bending,

Roll forming, Seaming, Flanging, Straightening, Shearing, Blanking, Perforating, Notching, Nibbling,

Shaving, Trimming, Bar & tube drawing, Wire drawing, Embossing & Stretch forming.

Welding Processes

Classification of welding processes; Oxyacetylene welding, Oxygen torch cutting, & Flame straightening

Arc welding; Shielded arc welding, Gas tungsten arc welding, Gas metal arc welding, Flux cored arc

welding, Submerged arc welding, Plasma arc welding, Stud welding, Power sources for arc welding. Arc

cutting; Resistance welding; Heating, pressure, Current control & Power supply, Spot welding, Seam

welding, Projection welding; Other welding processes; Forge welding, Roll welding, Friction welding,

Explosion welding, Thermic welding, Electron beam welding, Laser welding & cutting, Brazing &

Soldering.

Fabrication of Plastics

Casting; Blow moulding; Compression moulding; Transfer moulding; Cold moulding; Injection moulding ;

Reaction injection moulding; Vacuum forming; Welding of plastics.

ME-204 FLUID MECHANICS-I

Properties of Liquids and Gas

Ideal and real fluids; Properties and gases; Viscosity and compressibility of fluids; Fluid pressure.

Fluid Statics (Equilibrium)

Euler’s conditions of equilibrium; Pressure in a fluid under the action of gravity. Homogeneous fluid;

Several fluids of different specific weights; Interconnected vessels; Constant-velocity rotation of a liquid

around-fixed axis; Fluid under pressure neglecting gravity; hydraulic circuits; Force on container wall;

Force on flat surfaces: Force on curved surfaces; Buoyancy of fluid at rest; Stability of a floating body;

Surface tension and capillary tubes.

Atmospheric equilibrium; Isothermal state; Adiabatic state; The standard atmosphere.

Fluid Dynamics

One Dimensional inviscid flow (flow filament theory); Equation of continuity; Euler’s equations of motion;

Bernoulli’s equation; Impulse and momentum. One dimensional viscous flow; Generalized Bernoulli’s

equation; Laminar and turbulent flow in circular pipes; Pipe flow problems; Flow in open channels.

Dimensional Analysis

Buckingham- Pi Theorem; Reynolds’ Law of Similitude.

Fluid Measurements

Measurement of static pressure; Stagnation pressure, flow velocity and flow rate.

ME-205 ELEMENT OF MACHINE DYNAMICS AND DESIGN

Machine Dynamics

Basic definitions; Simple Crank and Cam Mechanisms; Gyroscopic motion, Theory of steering gears;

Turning-moment diagrams; Belt and Chain drives; Clutches, Brakes and Dynamometers; Balancing of

rotating and reciprocating masses. Governors, types of governor, governor effort and power, controlling

force and governor stability.

Principle of Design

Mechanical properties of materials; Elasticity; Plasticity; Resilience and toughness; Endurance limits;

Hardness; Ductility and brittleness; Stress concentration, notch sensitivity, Soderberg and Goodmann

diagrams; Design Parameters & Operating Conditions; Deflection; Torsion; Shear Center, Thermal Stresses

Composite Sections; Simple Framed Structures. Creep; Fatigue.

Design of Simple Machine Elements

Joints & Fasteners; Knuckle, Cotter, Universal and Welded joints; Threaded and riveted fasteners;

Coupling; Universal, Flanged, Flexible and Fluid type couplings, Pulleys and Flywheels; Keys and Pins

Helical and Leaf type springs. Design of a belt conveyer, Design of chains including drag chain conveyor,

Apron feeders

Governors and Gyroscopes:

Function, Principle of operation, Applications.

Function of gyroscopes, gyroscopic acceleration and couple, application of gyroscopes.

ME-207 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING & GRAPHICS

Computer Classification

Analogue computer: Hybrid computer: Mainframe: Minicomputer: Microcomputer (Personal Computer);

Workstation: Super Computer.

Basic Units of Computer

The system central unit: Processing capability; Word handling capability; Memory: Display: Keyboard;

Operation Systems:

With GUI; Without GUI; UNIX; Concepts of LAN and WAN.

Application Programs

Text editor; Presentation; Mathematical modeling, Simulation; Database: Utilities Programs, Programming,

Languages.

Concept of Computer Programming Languages

Variables, Constants, Data types (Char, Word, Integer, Floating); Assignments: Expressions: Operator and

precedence; Looping. Pointers, Functions or Procedures, Recursion. Back tracking, Program Heading

and Declaration part; Modules Main Module, Language constructs (taking examples of C. Pascal or

Prolog), Structured Programming, Software specification, software design, Software coding, Software

testing.

ME-209 MATERIALS AND METALLURGY

Introduction to Materials Engineering

Types of materials, source of materials and their extraction, crystalline and amorphous materials,

Application and selection of materials (basic criteria for different environments).

Metallic Materials

Pure metals and alloys, nature and properties of metals and alloys, major properties of metal and alloys,

single crystal and polycrystalline metals, crystal defects and the mechanism of deformation and fracture,

plastic flow in polycrystalline materials, structure property relationship, macro and micro examination,

structural aspect of solidification & solid phase transformation in binary systems, ferrous and non ferrous

metals, steel making processes, heat treatments, TTT diagram, surface hardening coatings, powder

metallurgy, non destructive testing.

Ceramics, Glasses & Refractory Materials

Compositions, properties, structures of various non metallic materials, application of Ceramics, Glasses,

refractory materials, methods of manufacture.

Polymers & Rubbers

Polymerization, Structural feature of Polymers, Thermoplastic Polymers, Thermo setting Polymers,

Additives, major mechanical properties, rubber (elastomers), synthesis of rubber.

Composites

Introduction to composite materials, types of composite materials, method of fabrication of composite

materials, property averaging, major mechanical properties.

Environmental Degradation

Metal degradation by atmosphere, Aqueous & galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, Methods of

corrosion prevention, behavior of metal at elevated temperature pyrometer, oxidation, scalling and creep.

Chemical degradation of ceramic & polymers, radiation damage surface. Improvement against degradation.

ME-213 DYNAMICS

Kinematics of Particles

Rectilinear and curvilinear motion of particles; Rectangular, Tangential, Normal, Radial and Transverse

components of velocity and acceleration; Motion relative to a frame in translation.

Kinetics of Particles

Force, mass and acceleration; Newton’s Second Law; Dynamic equilibrium; Rectilinear and curvilinear

motion; Work and energy; Kinetic energy of a particle; Principle of work and Energy; Conservation of

energy; Impulse and momentum; Impulsive forces and conservation of momentum, Impact, direct and

oblique; Angular momentum of particle and a system of particles; Conservation of angular momentum;

Variable systems of particles; Systems gaining or losing mass.

Kinematics of Rigid Bodies

Translation; Rotation about fixed axis; General plane motion; Absolute and relative velocity and

acceleration.

Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies

Forces, acceleration; Energy and momentum; Conservation of linear and angular momentum.

Kinetics of Rigid Bodies in Three Dimensions

Equations of motion of a rigid body about a fixed pint, about its mass center or about a fixed axis;

Gyroscopic motion.

EL-232 ELECTRONICS

Conduction in Solids

Introduction, mechanics of conduction, mobility. Bohr’s model for the elements, energy level diagrams for

solids, conductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, electron-hole pairs in an intrinsic semiconductor,

distribution of electron and hole in conduction and valence bands, recombination and lifetime.

Semiconductors and Diodes

Donor and acceptor impurities, Zero biased, forward biased and reverse biased junction diodes, junction

diode current equation, depletion barrier width and junction capacitance, diffusion capacitance, Zero and

Avalanche break down, Hall effect, Fabrication of pn junction, diodes.

Electron Emission Devices

Types of electron emissions, thermionic diode, volt ampere characteristics, Child Langmuin Power Law,

Gas filled diode, Thermionic triode, Parameters and characteristics, Tetrode, Pentode, and beam power

tubes , Parameters and characteristics.

Simple Diode Circuits and Applications

Mathematical and graphical analysis of diode circuits, The ideal and non ideal diodes, Piecewise linear

models, Analysis of piecewise linear models of vacuum tube and junction diodes, The half wave rectifier.

The inductance filter, The inductance capacitance filter circuits, Zener and gas diode, Voltage regulator

circuits, Clamping and DC restorer circuits, Voltage doubler circuits, Clipping and limiting circuits.

Bipolar and Field Effect Transistors

Transistor biasing and thermal stabilization, The operating point, Bias stability, Collector to base bias,

Fixed bias, Emitter feedback bias, Stabilization for the self biased circuits, Field effect transistors, Basic

principles and theory, Types, FET characteristics, Different configurations-common gate, Common source

and common drain, The FET, small signal model, Parameters, Biasing of the FET.

Amplifier Circuits

Introduction “h” parameters, Hybrid model for transistor, Elementary treatment, Low frequency transistor

amplifier circuits, Stage cascaded LF.

MS-223 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS & FOURIER SERIES

1st Order Differential Equations

Basic concept; Formation of differential equations and solution of differential equations by direct

integration and by separating the variables; Homogenous equations and equations reducible to

homogeneous form; Linear differential equations of the order and equations reducible to the linear form;

Bernoulli’s equations and orthogonal trajectories; Application in relevant Engineering.

2nd and Higher Orders Equations

Special types of IInd order differential equations with constant coefficients and their solutions; The operator

D; Inverse operator 1/D; Solution of differential by operator D methods; Special cases, Cauchy’s

differential equations; Simultaneous differential equations; simple application of differential equations in

relevant Engineering.

Partial Differential Equation

Basic concepts and formation of partial differential equations; Linear homogeneous partial differential

equations and relations to ordinary differential equations; Solution of first order linear and special types of

second and higher order differential equations; D’Alembert’s solution of the wave equation and two

dimensional wave equations; Lagrange’s solution; Various standard forms.

Laplace Integral & Transformation

Definition, Laplace transforms of some elementary functions, first translation or shifting theorem, second

translation or shifting theorem, change of scale property, Laplace transform of the nth order derivative,

initial and final value theorem Laplace transform of integrals, Laplace transform of functions tn F(t) and

F(t)/t, Laplace transform of periodic function, evaluation of integrals, definition of inverse Laplace

transform and inverse transforms convolution theorem, solutions of ordinary differential using Laplace

transform.

Fourier series

Periodic functions and expansion of periodic functions in Fourier series and Fourier coefficients; Expansion

of function with arbitrary periods. Odd and even functions and their Fourier series; Half range expansions

of Fourier series, “DFT and FFT, Fourier Spectrum”.

HS-205 ISLAMIAT

HS-206 ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR

Nature, Scope and methods of Ethics and religion. Ethical teachings of world religions, Basic Moral

concepts, Right and wrong,Good and evil.

An outline of Ethical systems in philosophy, Hedonism, Utilitarianism, Rationalism and Kant, Self

Realization Theories, Intuitionism.

Islamic Moral Theory

Ethics of Quran and its philosophical basis. Ethical precepts from Quran and Hadith and promotion

of moral values in Society.

3^rd Term

ME-302 SOLID MECHANICS – II

Bending Stress

Combined bending and direct stresses. Shear stresses in bending, bending and shear stress in I-section

beams. Asymmetrical bending; Shear stress in thin-walled open sections and shear center; General Case of

bending of a thin-walled open section; Bending of initially curved bars; Beams with small radius of

curvature.

Elastic Strain Energy

Strain energy under direct stress and in pure shear; Strain energy in bending and in torsion; Maximum

stress due to a suddenly applied load and due to impact; Bending deflection of a beam from an impact shear

deflection; Theorems of castigliano and Maxwell’s Reciprocal Theorem.

Statically Indeterminate Beams and Frames

Double integration method; superposition method; Virtual work; Compatibility and equilibrium methods.

Stress and Strain Transformations and Relationship

Two-directional stress systems; Mohr’s stress circle; principal stresses and planes; Combined

bending and torsion; Two-directional strain analysis; Normal and shear strain in terms of coordinate

and maximum shear strain; Relationship between elastic constants.

Deformation Symmetrical about an Axis

Thick-walled cylinders; Compound cylinders; Shrink fit, Rotating disk of uniform thickness.

Theories of Yielding

Maximum Principal Stress Theory, Maximum Principal Strain Theory, Maximum Shear Stress Theory,

Total Strain Energy Theory.

Thin plates and shells

Deflection of thin Plates, bending of circular plates with symmetrical loading, Plates with uniform loading,

solid plate with different loading conditions, Axi-Symmetrical thin shells, bending stresses in thin shells

ME-303 STEAM GENERATION STEAM TURBINE

Properties of Steam

Steam tables; Dryness fraction; Mollier chart.

Cycles

Theoretical steam turbines cycles; Rankine; Reheat; Regenerative.

Flow of Steam through Nozzles

Critical pressure ratio; Convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles.

Steam Turbines

Impulse and reaction turbines; Compounding; Classification of turbines; Internal losses; State point

Locus and reheat factor.

Combined Heat and Power Schemes

Extraction and back pressure turbines.

Turbine performance and controls.

Steam Generation & Steam Plant; Feed water Heater; Air Preheaters; Economizer; Superheaters.

Fuels; Fossil fuel, coal, oil and gas; Environmental pollution.

Water Treatment

Internal and external treatment methods.

ME-304 FLUID MECHANICS – II

General Theory of Two and Three Dimensional Ideal Fluid Flow:

The velocity field; Eulerian and Lagrangian viewpoints; Acceleration of flow particle;

Irrotational flow; Relation between Irrotational flow and viscosity; Systems and control volumes;

Potential flow; Circulation; Stream function and velocity potential, uniform flow; Two dimensional

source and sink; Simple vortex; the doublet; Lift and drag forces.

General Theory of Two and Three Dimensional Viscous Fluid Flow

Stoke’s viscosity law, Navier Stokes equations of motion, Two dimensional flow between parallel

plates; flow in a circular pipe; creep flow; Reynolds equation; Hydrodynamic Lubrication in Journal

Bearing.

Boundary Layer Theory

Boundary layer theory; Laminar Boundary layer; Turbulent Boundary layer, Boundary layer

control; Airfoil cascades.

Fluid Machinery

Similarity relations for Turbomachines; Specific Speed; Classification of Turbomachines; Impulse

Turbines; Propeller type axial-flow reaction turbine, multi bladed reaction turbines; Radial flow

pumps. Performance curves.

Computational Fluid Dynamics

Introduction; Numerical operations for differentiation and Integration; Programming Procedure;

simple exercise problems.

ME-305 MACHINE DESIGN

Design of Shaft

Shafts and columns; Static, Cyclic and Shock Loads, Torsional stiffness; Critical speed; Shaft Materials

and Design of Circular Shafts under normal and combined loading Introduction to flexible shafting;

Connecting rods and crank shafts.

Lubrication Theory & Bearing Design

Friction & Wear, Lubrication theory; Bearing types and materials; Detailed design of Journal and Thrust

slider bearings. Design of roller bearing including spherical and tapered roller bearings.

Design of Tanks & Piping Systems

Introduction to the design of pressure vessels tanks and piping systems.

Gear Design

General gear theory; Design of the spur gear; Design of any one of the following types of gears; Helical,

Worm, Bevel, Novikou and Hypoid Gears; Design of Gear Boxes and Gear Trains.

Introduction to Industrial Design Codes. Application of at least one design standard i.e. ASME, BS, ANSI,

JIS, DIN or ISO in the design of machine elements and assemblies.

Elements of Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

MEMS Manufacturing; Lithography, Etching, Micromachining; MEMS Devices: Sensors, Actuators,

Springs and Fluid Flow Devices.

ME-306 MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS

Introduction

Main objectives; Elements of a vibratory system; Fundamental features in vibratory systems; Vectorial

representation of simple harmonic motion, Degrees of freedom; Damping.

Single Degree of Freedom Systems

Undamped free vibrations; Damped free vibrations; Forced vibrations.

Two Degree of Freedom Systems

Undamped and damped free vibrations; Undamped and damped steady state forced vibrations.

Applications

Equivalent viscous damping; Balancing of machines; Vibration considerations in machine foundation.

Methods for Finding Natural Frequencies

Rayleigh method; Analytical method and graphical technique; Holzer method.

Vibrations of Elastic Bodies

Free and forced longitudinal vibrations of a uniform bar; Vibrations of a uniform bar with end masses

Free and forced lateral vibrations of simpls supported thin beams; Torsional vibration of circular shaft

with single rotor and two rotors, Critical speed of rotating shaft with single rotor and two rotor, Critical

speed of rotating shafts.

Elementary treatment of analogue computation of vibrations, Simple cases of electromechanical systems

and analogies.

ME-307 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING – II

Machining Processes and Machine Tools

Machine tools using single point tools; Description, functions and operations performed on lathe, shaper,

planer, and boring machines; work holding devices.

Machine tools using multiple cutting edge tools; Description, functions, and operations performed on

drilling, milling, gear cutting, and broaching machines.

Machine tools using abrasive wheels, description and functions of various types of grinding machines

wheel dressing, and wheel balancing, Honing, lapping, and super finishing operations; thread

manufacturing.

Non-traditional machining processes such as EDM, ECM, & Ultra sonic machining.

Machining parameters

Determination of machining time and material removal rate for various machining operations, Cutting

Tools For Manufacturing; Cutting tool material characteristics; Cutting tool materials; Tool steels, HSS,

Sintered Carbides, Ceramics, Tin-coated HSS, Diamonds, & Cubic Boron Nitrides; Tool Geometry, Tool

life , Tool wear, & machinability; Taylor’s Tool Life Model, Sharpening & Reconditioning of Cutting

Tools; Basic concept and design of jigs and fixtures.

Standardization

Introduction, product simplification & diversification, interchangeability, selective assembly, principles,

preparation of standards, application of standards in design and manufacturing, applying for patents,

international & national standard organizations.

Standards of length

Light waves as standard of length, design & operation of linear measuring instruments, slip & block

gauges, length bars, limit gauges, sine bar, Reference temperature, limits and fits, Hole-basis, Shaft basis

comparators: mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, & optical.

Measurement

Errors in measurement, sensitivity, accuracy, & variation, economics of measurement, measurement of

squareness, flatness, straightness, roundness, gear & screw threads, advanced measuring and inspection

non-contact measurement Machine Tool Metrology; Alignment tests, level of installation, spindle

straightness, flatness, & squareness.

Surface Texture

Roughness, lay, waviness, & flaws, CLA, & RMS values, predication of roughness in turning, drilling,

milling, & grinding.

Measurement

Measurement of roughness, Average values of roughness for various manufacturing processes.

MS-331 APPLIED STATISTICS

Statistics

Introduction, Types of data & variables, presentation to data, object, classifications, Tabulation, Frequency

distribution, Graphical representation, Simple & Multiple Bar diagrams, Sartorial & Pie-Diagram,

Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Frequency Curves & their types.

Measure of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Statistics Averages, Median Mode, Quartiles, Range, Moments, Skewness & Kurtosis, Quartile Deviation,

Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Variance & its coefficient, Practical Significance in related problems.

Curve Fitting

Introduction, fitting of a first and second degree curve, fitting of exponential and logarithmic curves related

problems, Principle of least squares, Second order Statistics & Time series not in bit detail.

Simple Regression & Correlation

Introduction, Scatter diagrams, Correlation & its Coefficient, Regression lines, Rank Correlation & its

Coefficient, Probable Error (P.E), Related problems.

Sampling and Sampling Distributions

Introduction, Population, Parameter & Statistics, Objects of sampling, Sampling distribution of Mean,

Standard errors, Sampling & Non-Sampling Errors, Random Sampling, Sampling with & without

replacement, Sequential Sampling, Central limit theorem with practical significance in related problems.

Statistical Inference and Testing of Hypothesis

Introduction, Estimation, Types of Estimates, Confidence interval, Tests of Hypothesis, Chi-Square

distribution/test, one tails & two tails tests. Application in related problems.

Probability

Basic concepts, Permutation & Combination, Definitions of probability, Laws of probability, Conditional

probability, Baye’s rule. Related problems in practical significance.

Random Variables

Introduction, Discrete & Continuous random variables, Random Sequences and transformations,

Probability distribution, Probability density function, Distribution function, Mathematical expectations,

Moment Generating Function (M.G.F.), Markove random walks chain/Related problems.

Probability Distributions

Introduction, Discrete probability distributions, Binomial, Poisson, Hyper geometric & Negative binomial

distributions. Continuous probability distribution, Uniform, Exponential & Normal distributions & their

practical significance.

MS-332 ADVANCED CALCULUS AND LINEAR ALGEBRA

Linear Algebra

Linearity and linear dependence of vectors, basis, dimension of a vector space, field matrix and type of

matrices (singular, non-singular, symmetric, non-symmetric, upper, lower, diagonal tri-diagonal matrix),

Rank of a matrix using row operations and special method, echelon and reduced echelon forms of a matrix,

determination of consistency of a system of linear equation using rank, transitions matrix, basic concept of

tensors, eigen value and eigen vectors of a matrix, Diagonolization, Cayley-Hamiton theorem. Applications

of linear algebra in Engineering.

Euclidean Spaces and Transformation

Geometric representation of vector, norm of vector, Euclidean inner product, projections and orthogonal

projections, Euclidean n spaces n properties Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, Euclidean transformations, apply

geometric transformations to plane figure, composition of transformations.

Advance Calculus

Define a stationary point of a function of several variables, define local maximum and saddle point for a

function of two variables the stationary points of a several variables, obtain higher partial derivatives of

simple functions of two or more variables, iterated integrals, double and triple integrations with

applications (area, centroids, moment of inertia, surface area and volume, use multiple integrals in solutions

of engineering problems).

Vector Calculus

Vector differential operator, directional derivative, gradient, divergence, curl of a vector field and laplacian

operators with applications. (Solenoid, conservative, etc).

Vector Integrations; Evaluate line integrals along simple paths, apply line integrals to calculate work done,

apply Green’s theorem in the plane to simple examples, evaluate surface integrals over simple surface, use

the Jacobian to transform a problem a new coordinate system, apply Gauss’ divergence theorem to simple

problems, apply Stokes’ theorem to simple examples.

EE-373 MACHINE CONTROL SYSTEMS

Open and closed loop control, feedback simple control system; sequence control, static switching and

logic Switching Algebra.

Stability, accuracy, frequency and transient response.

Time Scale Effects

Linear control system, determination of system performance and design with reference to stability,

Transient response, steady state accuracy and frequency response; Laplace transformation method; Root

Locus; Nyquist criteria and Bode plots; Conformal plotting.

Series parallel and feedback techniques of system compensation. Three term pneumatic controller for

chemical plants.

Control system types; regulations, Servomechanism.

Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic amplifier.

Instrumentation

Analysis of the performance of electro mechanical transducers used in control.

HS-303 ENGINEERING ECONOMICS

Introduction

Engineering economy defined; Measures of financial effectiveness; Nonmonetary factors and multiple

Objectives; principles of engineering economy.

The Economic Environment

Consumer and producer goods; Measures of economic worth; Price, Supply, & Demand relationship;

Production; Factors of production; Laws of return.

Cost Concepts & Analysis

Sunk & opportunity costs; Fixed, variable, and incremental costs; Recurring & nonrecurring costs; Direct,

indirect, and overhead costs; Standard costs; Breakeven analysis; Unit cost of production; Cost-Benefit

analysis; Feasibility studies; Value analysis in designing & purchasing.

Time Value of Money

Simple interest; Compound Interest; Cash flow diagrams; Interest formulas; Nominal versus effective

interest rates; Continuous compounding.

Depreciation and Depletion

Purpose of depreciation; Types of depreciation; Economic life. What can be depreciated?

Comparing Alternatives

Present economy; Selection among machines, materials, processes, and designs, Payback period method;

Present worth method; Uniform annual cost method; Rate of return method; Alternatives having indentical

lives. Alternatives having different lives.

Production Concepts & Mathematical Models

Manufacturing lead time, Production rate; Capacity; Utilization; Availability; Work in process; WIP and

TIP ratios.

Linear programming

Mathematical statement of linear programming problems; Graphic solution; Simplex method; Duality

problems.

Capital Financing and Budgeting

Types of ownership; types of stock; partnership & joint stock companies; Banking & specialized credit

institutions.

Industrial Relations

Labour problems; Labour organizations; Prevention & Settlement of disputes.

HS-304 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS AND ETHICS

Part-1 Communication Skills (Oral)

Definitions and Conditions.

Modes:- verbal, non-verbal, vocal, non-vocal, sender, receiver, en-loding, decoding, noise, context,

emotional maturity, relationships, etc.

Language, perception.

Non-verbal, body language, physical appearance, cultural differences etc.

Personal and interpersonal skills/perceptions.

Communication dilemmas and problems.

Public Speaking – speaking situation, persuasion.

Part-II Written Communication

Formal / Business letters.

Memos (brief revision).

Notice and minutes of meetings.

Contracts and agreements (basic theoretical knowledge and comprehension).

Research / scientific reports.

Tenders (basic theoretical knowledge and comprehension).

Participating in seminars, interviews, writing and presenting conference papers, solving IELTS type

papers. (Non-examination).

Part-III Engineering / Business Ethics

Course objective.

Need for code of ethics.

Type of ethics, involvement in daily life.

Problems/conflicts/dilemmas in application.

Review of Pakistan Engineering Council Code of Conduct.

Final Term

ME-401 STRESS ANALYSIS

Elementary Theory of Elasticity

Stress at a point; Stress equation of equilibrium; Laws of stress transformation; Principal stresses; Strain and

stress relations, Strain and stress relations, Strain equations of transformations; Principal strains; Compatibility;

Displacement field; Basic equations and plane elasticity theory; Airy’s stress functions.

Stresses and Strain Measurement

Experimental Stress analysis; Brittle-coating methods; Theory, Behavior, and Application of the stress- coat;

Photo-elasticity methods; Theory, Model, Materials and Analysis techniques; Bifringent coatings and scattered

light; Strain measurement methods; Introduction to strain measurement; Electrical resistance strain gauges;

Parameters influencing strain gauge; Rosette analysis; Strain-gauge circuits.

Elementary Plastic and Viscoelastic Analysis

Plastic bending of beams; Plastic hinge in beams; Plastic torsion of shafts; Plastic bending or torsion in a strain

hardening material.

Finite Element Analysis

Introduction; Discrete System Mathematical Models, Continuous System, Mathematical Models, Weighted

Residual Methods, Finite Element solutions.

ME-402 GAS TURBINE

Ideal Cycles

Effect of pressures, temperature, and component efficiency on fuel and air consumption and power of the

simple plant; Inter-cooling, reheat, and heat exchanger cycles; Industrial open and closed plant.

Gas Turbine Cycles for Aircraft Propulsion

Turboprop, Turbofan and Turbojet engines; Influence of altitude and flight speed on performance.

Centrifugal Compressors

Principle of operation; Work done and pressure rise; Compressibility effects; Non-dimensional quantities for

plotting compressor characteristics.

Axial Flow Compressors

Elementary theory; degree of reaction; simple design method, Blade design; Calculation of stage performance,

Overall performance, compressibility effect.

Combustion Systems

Form of combustion system; some important factors effecting combustion chamber designing, combustion

process; combustion chamber performance.

Axial Flow Turbines

Elementary theory, Vortex theory, Choice of blade profile; pitch and cord; Estimation of stage performance;

Overall turbine performance.

Prediction of Performance of Simple Gas Turbines

Component Characteristics; Off-design operation of the single shaft gas turbine; Equilibrium running of a

gas generator; off-design operation of free-turbine engine; jet engine.

ME-403 REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

Refrigeration and Heat Pump Cycles

Carnot and Joule Cycles reversed; Vapour-compression and vapour absorption cycles; Coefficient of

performance; Multiple effect compression; Processing; Multi-stage compression, Efficiencies. Properties

of Refrigerants and Brine.

Refrigeration machines

Cold air; Vapour-compression; Steam jet and absorption types; Heat pumps, Domestic type; Auxiliaries and

controls; Air cycle.

Distribution of Refrigerants

Direct expansion; Brine grids and control systems; Brine mixing and concentration; Defrosting air circulation

systems.

Application of Refrigeration

Cold storage; Ice-making; Dairying; Quick freezing air-conditioning; Layouts; Load calculation and

performance; Solid ice; Solar energy.

Cooling Load calculations

Use of available programs; Ashrae cooling manual.

Air-conditioning and Ventilation

Use of the psychnometric charts; Calculation of heat to be removed by an air-conditioning plant; Air

conditioning requirements for comfort and industrial processes; Air distributing systems; Design and sizing of

ducts; Water cooler; Dehumidifiers; Humidifiers; Automatic temperature and humidity control systems;

Pneumatic; electric; and hydraulic system; Complete calculations for a simple air conditioning system;

Prevention of noise and vibration; cooling towers and evaporative condensers.

ME-404 NUCLEAR POWER

Nuclear Physics Review

Nuclear structure; Nuclear stability; Binding energy and mass-energy equivalence; Radioactivity (natural

and artificial); Decay rate; Mean-life and half-life; Radioactive equilibrium; Nuclear Reactions; Q value;

Fission reaction; Elastic and inelastic scattering reactions.

Reactor Physics

Neutron reaction; Neutron flux; Cross section for scattering, absorption and fission; Neutron diffusion Neutron

leakage; Solution of diffusion equation for a bare reactor; Albedo and reflector saving, Neutron slowing down;

Continuous slowing down model’ Lethargy; Slowing down power; Moderation ratio, Fermi age.

Reactor Theory

Nuclear chain reactors; Criticality; The four factor formula; One group critical equation; The critical size, Nonleakage

probability; Neutron life cycle.

Reactor Kinetics

Excess reactivity and reactor-period; Xenon poisoning.

Types of Nuclear Reactors

Introduction, Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), and Primary Loop, Pressurize, Chemical Shim Control

A PWR Power plant, Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), and Load Following Control, Current BWR System

High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR), Advanced Gas Cooled Reactors (AGR).

Fast Breeder Reactor and Power plants

Introduction, Nuclear Reactions, Conversion and Breeding, Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR)

Plant arrangements, LMFBR, Gas Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor (GCFBR).

Reactor Materials

Choice of a moderator; the fuel; the coolant; Nuclear fuels.

Allied Topics

Nuclear power economics; Fuel reprocessing; Health hazard due to reactions; Shielding; Nuclear

applications for peaceful purposes.

ME-405 GAS DYNAMICS

Introduction

Basic governing laws; Conservation of mass, momentum and energy; Limitations to the application of laws.

Velocity of Sound

Physical differences between incompressible, Sub-sonic and super-sonic gas flow; The Mach Number and

Mach Angle, Optical methods of investigation.

One Dimensional Gas Flow

Isentropic flow; choking in isentropic flow; Operation of nozzles under varying pressure ratios; Some

applications of Isentropic flow.

Normal Shock Waves

Formation of shock waves; Weak shock waves; Moving shock waves; Operating characteristics of convergingdiverging

nozzle; one-dimensional supersonic diffusers; Supersonic pitot tube.

Oblique Shocks

Oblique shock equations, Shock geometry; Shock Polaris; Some special aspects of oblique shock waves.

Flow in Ducts

Flow in constant area ducts with friction; Performance of long ducts at various pressure ratios.

Isothermal Flow in Long Duets

Flow in ducts with heating or cooling; Choking effects in simple stagnation temperature change; Shock

waves with changes in stagnation temperature.

ME-406 HEAT TRANSFER

Steady state conduction; general equation for three dimensional geometries; one dimensional analysis;

Multi layer wall; Overall heat transfer coefficient.

Unsteady state heat transfer for simple geometries; lump capacity method; internal resistance in solid.

Transfer with internal heat sources; Extended surface heat transfer-fins.

Thermal radiation

Basic concepts; surface characteristics blackbody; grey body, emission in defined wave band; radiation

intensity; energy exchange in black and grey bodies.

Convection Heat Transfer

Basic concepts; momentum and thermal boundary layer fundamentals, dimensional analysis; theoretical

analysis for flat plates; laminar and turbulent flow.

Forced Convection

Laminar and turbulent flow over flat plates and inside tubes and ducts, Empirical correlations.

Free Convection

Similarity parameter, boundary layer, convective coefficients in plates; empirical correlations.

Heat transfer with change in phase; boiling; condensation.

Heat Exchangers

Types; preliminary design.

Mass Transfer

Mass transfer operations; Diffusional mass transfer; mass transfer coefficients; empirical correlations: analogy

of heat, mass and momentum transfer; simultaneous heat and mass transfer.

ME-408 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Management & Systems

Introduction to industrial management and administration; System concept; Functions of Management;

Managerial decision making; Models as decision aids.

Plant Location

Factors affecting location; Multiplant location; Location analysis; Plant layout; Types of layout; Material

handling consideration in layout; Internal and External balancing; product and process layout analysis; Layout

comparison.

Production Planning and Control

Product design, Pre-production planning, Production control for intermittent and continuous process;

Production control charts; Machine arrangement problems; Control for maximum profit; Scheduling techniques.

Quality Control

Sampling risk and economics of sampling; OC curve and sampling plan. Average outgoing quality; Sampling

methods; Attribute and variable sampling; Concept of control chart; Process Variability; P and R charts.

Methods Analysis

Process chart; Man-Material flow charts; Work station flow charts; Man-Machine charts. Motion study;

Principles of motion economy; Applications; Simo chart.

Work Measurement

Stop watch time study procedures; Timing methods; Performance rating; Total normal time; Allowance factors;

Continuous production study; Work sampling procedures; Predetermined motion time techniques. Wage

incentive plan and job evaluation.

Planning & Control Techniques

Inventory Control; Forecasting; Moving average and weight moving average; Functions of Inventory;

Economic order quality model, its limitations, Economic lot size. Safety stock; Stock out cost; Inventory

systems; Inventory system under uncertainly; Quantity discount; Theory; CPM/PERT.

ME-409 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROJECT

Selected problems requiring design, development of problem specific software, preparation of drawings,

fabrication of prototype / models and laboratory experimentation shall be assigned to individual students or

groups of students. Grading shall be based on the reports produced by students and their critical evaluation

through an oral examination.

ME-410 COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN / COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)

Fundamentals of CAD

Introduction, the design process, application of computers for design, creating the manufacturing data base,

benefits of CAD.

Hardware in CAD

The design workstation, graphics terminal, operator input devices, plotters and other output devices, the central

processing unit, secondary storage.

Computer Graphics Software and Data Base

The software configuration of a graphics system, functions of a graphic package, constructing the geometry,

data base structure and content, wire-frame versus solid modeling, other CAD features and

CAD/CAM integration.

Mathematical Elements of CAD

Two dimensional transformations, Translation, Scaling, and Rotation, Concatenation, Various techniques for

design optimization, finite element analysis / modeling.

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAD)

Conventional Numerical control

Introduction, basic components of an NC system, the NC procedure, NC coordinate systems, NC motion control

systems, applications of numerical control, economics and justification.

NC Part Programming

Punched tape in NC, tape coding and format, manual part programming, computer assisted part programming,

the APT language, NC programming with interactive graphics, voice NC programming, manual data input, APT

word definitions.

Computer Controls in NC

Problems with conventional NC, NC controller technology, Computer numerical control, direct numerical

control, adaptive control machining systems, trends and new developments in NC.

Robotics Technology & Applications

Robot anatomy, Accuracy & Repeatability, Robot specifications, End effectors; Characteristics of Robot

applications, Robot cell design, Types of Robot applications.

MS-441 ADVANCE MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES

Complex Variable

Limit, continuity, zeros and poles of a complex function, Cauchy-Reimann equations, conformal

transformation, contour integration.

Error Analysis

Types of errors (relative, Absolute, inherent, round off, truncation), significant digits and numerical instability,

flow chart.

Use any Computational tools to Analysis the Numerical Solutions.

Finite Difference

Functions of operators, difference operators and the derivative operators, identities. Linear homogeneous and

non-homogeneous difference equations. Numerical Differentiation, Forward Difference Method, Backward

Difference Method, Central Difference Method.

Interpolation & Curve Fitting

Lagrange’s Newton, Hermit, Spline, least squares approximation. (Linear and non-linear curves). With

numerical problem in engineering.

Numerical Integration & Differentiation

Computation of integrals using simple Trapezoidal rule, 1/3th Simpson’s rule, 1/8th Simpson’s rule, Composite

Simpson’s and Trapezoidal rules, computation of solutions of differential equations using (Euler method, Euler

modified method, Runge Kutta method of order 4).

Improper Integrals

Definitions, Types of improper integral and their convergence.

Elliptic Integrals

Introduction and identification of elementary elliptic integrals of first, second and third kinds. Simple

applications.